In the new role, John James will assume responsibility for management, distribution and operations of Vanguard's UK and European operations, a statement from the firm said.
Mr James first joined Vanguard at its US headquarters in 2008 as head of broker-dealer sales and distribution, before moving to the international division.
He became head of Vanguard's Australian operation in 2010, the statement said.
Previously, Mr James held roles as CEO of AFL team Port Adelaide, and as a senior leader at MLC and director of the Financial Services Council.
Managing director of Vanguard International James Norris welcomed Mr James to the leadership team.
"He is a tenured professional in the investment management industry who will bring his experiences from the US and Australia to benefit our European business and our clients," said Mr Norris.
Mr James replaces Thomas Rampulla, who will join Vanguard's senior executive team in the United States.
