Ms Chester will commence with ASIC for a five-year period from 28 January 2019, replacing Peter Kell.
She has been the deputy chair of the Productivity Commission since May 2016, having been appointed a commissioner in December 2013, Treasurer Josh Frydenberg said in a statement.
During this time, Ms Chester presided on over 10 inquiries and projects, including the Productivity Commission’s three-stage review of the superannuation system.
In 2015, the government appointed Ms Chester to chair an expert panel that undertook a four-month capability review of ASIC, saying it resulted in a number of key changes to strengthen ASIC.
Ms Chester’s appointment follows the appointment of chair James Shipton, deputy chair Daniel Crennan, Danielle Press and Sean Hughes.